Thursday…
Today..we do some revision about present simple, present continous and perfect tense.
Present continous
[am/is/are + present participle]
Examples:
· You are watching TV.
· Are you watching TV?
· You are not watching TV.
USE 1 Now
Use the Present Continuous with Normal Verbs to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now. Examples:
· You are learning English now.
· You are not swimming now.
· Are you sleeping?
· I am sitting.
· I am not standing.
· Is he sitting or standing?
· They are reading their books.
· They are not watching television.
· What are you doing?
· Why aren't you doing your homework?
USE 2 Longer Actions in Progress Now
In English, "now" can mean: this second, today, this month, this year, this century, and so on. Sometimes, we use the Present Continuous to say that we are in the process of doing a longer action which is in progress; however, we might not be doing it at this exact second.
Examples: (All of these sentences can be said while eating dinner in a restaurant.)
· I am studying to become a doctor.
· I am not studying to become a dentist.
· I am reading the book Tom Sawyer.
· I am not reading any books right now.
· Are you working on any special projects at work?
· Aren't you teaching at the university now?
USE 3 Near Future
Sometimes, speakers use the Present Continuous to indicate that something will or will not happen in the near future.
Examples:
· I am meeting some friends after work.
· I am not going to the party tonight.
· Is he visiting his parents next weekend?
· Isn't he coming with us tonight?
USE 4 Repetition and Irritation with "Always"
The Present Continuous with words such as "always" or "constantly" expresses the idea that something irritating or shocking often happens. Notice that the meaning is like Simple Present, but with negative emotion. Remember to put the words "always" or "constantly" between "be" and "verb+ing." Examples:
· She is always coming to class late.
· He is constantly talking. I wish he would shut up.
· I don't like them because they are always complaining.
REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs
It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Continuous with these verbs, you must use Simple Present. Examples:
· She is loving this chocolate ice cream. Not Correct
· She loves this chocolate ice cream. Correct
ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
· You are still watching TV.
· Are you still watching TV?
ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:
· Right now, Tom is writing the letter. Active
· Right now, the letter is being written by Tom. Passive
Simple Present Tense
How do we make the Simple Present Tense?
subject | + | auxiliary verb | + | main verb |
|
| do |
| base |
There are three important exceptions:
1. For positive sentences, we do not normally use the auxiliary.
2. For the 3rd person singular (he, she, it), we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.
3. For the verb to be, we do not use an auxiliary, even for questions and negatives.
Look at these examples with the main verb like:
| subject | auxiliary verb |
| main verb |
|
+ | I, you, we, they | |
| like | coffee. |
He, she, it | |
| likes | coffee. |
- | I, you, we, they | do | not | like | coffee. |
He, she, it | does | not | like | coffee. |
? | Do | I, you, we, they |
| like | coffee? |
Does | he, she, it |
| like | coffee? |
Look at these examples with the main verb be. Notice that there is no auxiliary:
| subject | main verb |
|
|
+ | I | am |
| French. |
You, we, they | are |
| French. |
He, she, it | is |
| French. |
- | I | am | not | old. |
You, we, they | are | not | old. |
He, she, it | is | not | old. |
? | Am | I |
| late? |
Are | you, we, they |
| late? |
Is | he, she, it |
| late? |
How do we use the Simple Present Tense?
We use the simple present tense when:
- the action is general
- the action happens all the time, or habitually, in the past, present and future
- the action is not only happening now
- the statement is always true
John drives a taxi. |
past | present | future |
|
It is John's job to drive a taxi. He does it every day. Past, present and future. |
Look at these examples:
- I live in New York.
- The Moon goes round the Earth.
- John drives a taxi.
- He does not drive a bus.
- We meet every Thursday.
- We do not work at night.
- Do you play football?
Note that with the verb to be, we can also use the simple present tense for situations that are not general. We can use the simple present tense to talk about now. Look at these examples of the verb "to be" in the simple present tense - some of them are general, some of them are now:
Am I right?
Tara is not at home.
You are happy. |
past | present | future |
|
The situation is now. |
I am not fat.
Why are you so beautiful?
Ram is tall. |
past | present | future |
|
The situation is general. Past, present and future. |
Simple Future Tense
The simple future tense is often called will, because we make the simple future tense with the modal auxiliary will.
How do we make the Simple Future Tense?
The structure of the simple future tense is:
subject | + | auxiliary verb WILL | + | main verb |
| invariable | | base |
will | V1 |
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we insert not between the auxiliary verb and main verb. For question sentences, we exchange the subject and auxiliary verb. Look at these example sentences with the simple future tense:
| subject | auxiliary verb | | main verb |
|
+ | I | will |
| open | the door. |
+ | You | will |
| finish | before me. |
- | She | will | not | be | at school tomorrow. |
- | We | will | not | leave | yet. |
? | Will | you |
| arrive | on time? |
? | Will | they |
| want | dinner? |
When we use the simple future tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and auxiliary verb:
I will | I'll |
you will | you'll |
he will
she will
it will | he'll
she'll
it'll |
we will | we'll |
they will | they'll |
For negative sentences in the simple future tense, we contract with won't, like this:
I will not | I won't |
you will not | you won't |
he will not
she will not
it will not | he won't
she won't
it won't |
we will not | we won't |
they will not | they won't |
How do we use the Simple Future Tense?
No Plan
We use the simple future tense when there is no plan or decision to do something before we speak. We make the decision spontaneously at the time of speaking. Look at these examples:
- Hold on. I'll get a pen.
- We will see what we can do to help you.
- Maybe we'll stay in and watch television tonight.
In these examples, we had no firm plan before speaking. The decision is made at the time of speaking.
We often use the simple future tense with the verb to think before it:
- I think I'll go to the gym tomorrow.
- I think I will have a holiday next year.
- I don't think I'll buy that car.
Prediction
We often use the simple future tense to make a prediction about the future. Again, there is no firm plan. We are saying what we think will happen. Here are some examples:
- It will rain tomorrow.
- People won't go to Jupiter before the 22nd century.
- Who do you think will get the job?
Be
When the main verb is be, we can use the simple future tense even if we have a firm plan or decision before speaking. Examples:
- I'll be in London tomorrow.
- I'm going shopping. I won't be very long.
- Will you be at work tomorrow?
